[5.x] Added the ability for Protectors to allow static caching

[kingsven]

This PR provides the ability for protected entries to be allowed in the static cache and addresses the concerns outlined in the comments on https://github.com/statamic/cms/pull/10929

This PR includes the requested changes on the closed PR https://github.com/statamic/cms/pull/11212

Closes https://github.com/statamic/ideas/issues/1234.

[simonworkhouse]

@jasonvarga Any idea when this might get looked at?

[duncanmcclean]

Sorry, we don't have an ETA for reviewing/merging this pull request. We'll get to it when we can.

In the meantime, you can pull this PR into your project with a composer patch.