gh-136677: Introduce executable specific linker flags to configure

[rueteh]

Introduce two new flags EXE_LDFLAGS and PY_CORE_EXE_LDFLAGS to contain executable target specific linker options for building the python interpreter as well as other executables.

• Issue: gh-136677

Notes

If provided, this effectively means that PY_CORE_LDFLAGS (as well as the chain of flags used by this variable) is exclusively used to build shared libraries / bundles. In addition, any common linker flags applicable to both types of targets would also need to be supplied to EXE_LDFLAGS and LDFLAGS.

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📚 Documentation preview 📚: https://cpython-previews--137296.org.readthedocs.build/

[python-cla-bot[bot]]

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