Switch to use `uv pip install`

[CoolCat467]

This pull request follows up on #2956 and is attempting to switch the continuous integration system to use astral.sh' new tool uv.

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 99.63%. Comparing base (6fad505) to head (af258f3).

Additional details and impacted files

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##             main    #2957   +/-   ##
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  Coverage   99.63%   99.63%           
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  Files         121      121           
  Lines       17839    17839           
  Branches     3206     3206           
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  Hits        17774    17774           
  Misses         46       46           
  Partials       19       19           

[A5rocks]

This seems nontrivial, can we break this into 2 prs?

1. replace pip-compile
2. replace pip install

Personally I see (1) as much more valuable-- (2) doesn't change much. Personally I'm more excited by uv's ability to get the lowest compatible version so we can add a new CI run than by it replacing pip install.

[CoolCat467]

Some of your changes remind me that we should probably run shellcheck over our scripts...

Problem is, it's written in haskell and the pre-commit integration for it uses docker, which is a mess

[A5rocks]

Some of your changes remind me that we should probably run shellcheck over our scripts...

Problem is, it's written in haskell and the pre-commit integration for it uses docker, which is a mess

Yeah I think it's fine not to check it in CI. It's not like our shell scripts are that important or change often; it's just a nicety.