TypeError: ('startswith first arg must be bytes or a tuple of bytes, not str', (1, array([0], dtype=uint32)))

[Frank-Dz]

Hi~ When I used pyrender to generate some results, I met some errors. My environment is: Ubuntu 16.04, Python3.7, cuda10.0 and with PyOpenGL PyOpenGL_accelerate installed.

import math
import trimesh
import pyrender
import numpy as np
from pyrender.constants import RenderFlags
from lib.models.spin import get_smpl_faces


class WeakPerspectiveCamera(pyrender.Camera):
    def __init__(self,
                 scale,
                 translation,
                 znear=pyrender.camera.DEFAULT_Z_NEAR,
                 zfar=None,
                 name=None):
        super(WeakPerspectiveCamera, self).__init__(
            znear=znear,
            zfar=zfar,
            name=name,
        )
        self.scale = scale
        self.translation = translation

    def get_projection_matrix(self, width=None, height=None):
        P = np.eye(4)
        P[0, 0] = self.scale[0]
        P[1, 1] = self.scale[1]
        P[0, 3] = self.translation[0] * self.scale[0]
        P[1, 3] = -self.translation[1] * self.scale[1]
        P[2, 2] = -1
        return P


class Renderer():
    def __init__(self, resolution=(224,224), orig_img=False, wireframe=False):
        self.resolution = resolution

        self.faces = get_smpl_faces()
        self.orig_img = orig_img
        self.wireframe = wireframe
        self.renderer = pyrender.OffscreenRenderer(
            viewport_width=self.resolution[0],
            viewport_height=self.resolution[1],
            point_size=1.0
        )

        # set the scene
        self.scene = pyrender.Scene(bg_color=[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0], ambient_light=(0.3, 0.3, 0.3))

        light = pyrender.PointLight(color=[1.0, 1.0, 1.0], intensity=1)

        light_pose = np.eye(4)
        light_pose[:3, 3] = [0, -1, 1]
        self.scene.add(light, pose=light_pose)

        light_pose[:3, 3] = [0, 1, 1]
        self.scene.add(light, pose=light_pose)

        light_pose[:3, 3] = [1, 1, 2]
        self.scene.add(light, pose=light_pose)

    def render(self, img, verts, cam, angle=None, axis=None, mesh_filename=None, color=[1.0, 1.0, 0.9]):

        mesh = trimesh.Trimesh(vertices=verts, faces=self.faces)

        Rx = trimesh.transformations.rotation_matrix(math.radians(180), [1, 0, 0])
        mesh.apply_transform(Rx)

        if mesh_filename is not None:
            mesh.export(mesh_filename)

        if angle and axis:
            R = trimesh.transformations.rotation_matrix(math.radians(angle), axis)
            mesh.apply_transform(R)

        sx, sy, tx, ty = cam

        camera = WeakPerspectiveCamera(
            scale=[sx, sy],
            translation=[tx, ty],
            zfar=1000.
        )

        material = pyrender.MetallicRoughnessMaterial(
            metallicFactor=0.0,
            alphaMode='OPAQUE',
            baseColorFactor=(color[0], color[1], color[2], 1.0)
        )
        mesh = pyrender.Mesh.from_trimesh(mesh, material=material)
        mesh_node = self.scene.add(mesh, 'mesh')
        camera_pose = np.eye(4)
        cam_node = self.scene.add(camera, pose=camera_pose)
        if self.wireframe:
            render_flags = RenderFlags.RGBA | RenderFlags.ALL_WIREFRAME
        else:
            render_flags = RenderFlags.RGBA
        rgb, _ = self.renderer.render(self.scene, flags=render_flags)
        valid_mask = (rgb[:, :, -1] > 0)[:, :, np.newaxis]
        output_img = rgb[:, :, :-1] * valid_mask + (1 - valid_mask) * img
        image = output_img.astype(np.uint8)
        self.scene.remove_node(mesh_node)
        self.scene.remove_node(cam_node)
        return image

But I got the following error:

 File "/home/frank/PycharmProjects/VIBE/lib/utils/renderer.py", line 118, in render
    rgb, _ = self.renderer.render(self.scene, flags=render_flags)
  File "/home/frank/PycharmProjects/VIBE/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pyrender/offscreen.py", line 99, in render
    return self._renderer.render(scene, flags)
  File "/home/frank/PycharmProjects/VIBE/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pyrender/renderer.py", line 121, in render
    self._update_context(scene, flags)
  File "/home/frank/PycharmProjects/VIBE/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pyrender/renderer.py", line 709, in _update_context
    p._add_to_context()
  File "/home/frank/PycharmProjects/VIBE/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pyrender/primitive.py", line 324, in _add_to_context
    self._vaid = glGenVertexArrays(1)
  File "src/latebind.pyx", line 39, in OpenGL_accelerate.latebind.LateBind.__call__
  File "src/wrapper.pyx", line 314, in OpenGL_accelerate.wrapper.Wrapper.__call__
  File "src/wrapper.pyx", line 311, in OpenGL_accelerate.wrapper.Wrapper.__call__
  File "/home/frank/PycharmProjects/VIBE/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/OpenGL/platform/baseplatform.py", line 401, in __call__
    if self.load():
  File "/home/frank/PycharmProjects/VIBE/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/OpenGL/platform/baseplatform.py", line 390, in load
    error_checker = self.error_checker,
  File "/home/frank/PycharmProjects/VIBE/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/OpenGL/platform/baseplatform.py", line 148, in constructFunction
    if (not is_core) and not self.checkExtension( extension ):
  File "/home/frank/PycharmProjects/VIBE/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/OpenGL/platform/baseplatform.py", line 270, in checkExtension
    result = extensions.ExtensionQuerier.hasExtension( name )
  File "/home/frank/PycharmProjects/VIBE/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/OpenGL/extensions.py", line 98, in hasExtension
    result = registered( specifier )
  File "/home/frank/PycharmProjects/VIBE/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/OpenGL/extensions.py", line 105, in __call__
    if not specifier.startswith( self.prefix ):
TypeError: ('startswith first arg must be bytes or a tuple of bytes, not str', (1, array([0], dtype=uint32)))

The error begin with

        rgb, _ = self.renderer.render(self.scene, flags=render_flags)

Anyone can help? Thanks in advance!

[melih-unsal]

Have you solved the problem? I have also faced this problem.

[Frank-Dz]

Have you solved the problem? I have also faced this problem.

No. Haven't.

Anyone can help?

[maxerbubba]

Upgrading to PyOpenGL==3.1.5 helped

[Liamkuo]

I fixed it with this

[yaokxx]

I fixed it with this

It still do not work under my condition LOL, is there other solution? Or just my misunderstanding that i just change one line in the source code of egl.py, just replace 'GL' with 'OpenGL'?

[HaoZhang990127]

change os.environ['PYOPENGL_PLATFORM'] = 'osmesa' to os.environ['PYOPENGL_PLATFORM'] = 'egl' may solve this problem

[imabackstabber]

I fixed it with this

This works for me when i was trying to visualize human mesh.

[ChristianMilianti]

Upgrading to PyOpenGL==3.1.5 helped

This fixed it for me too, thank you!