Review and update Configure C/C++ debugging topic

[gregvanl]

https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/cpp/launch-json-reference

The topic has high page views (>50 K in July, ranked microsoft/vscode-docs#22) and low CSAT (40% for last 6 months) and pulls down the overall CSAT for code.visualstudio.com/docs by 0.5%. To meet the FY23 OKR of overall doc CSAT of 78%, this topic is a good target for improvement with significant impact. The topic has a high percentage of direct traffic (35%) due to a link in the C++ extension.

[corneliusroemer]

The page still contains outdated/incorrect information, see e.g. microsoft/vscode-cpptools#13614