Support the submission of Q# projects with `azure.quantum` API

[jond01]

I want to propose an enhancement to the azure.quantum python API: support Q# Jobs submission to Azure Quantum.

Currently, the official ways to submit Q# jobs to Azure Quantum are:

1. Python: use the qsharp python package
2. Jupyter Notebook: %azure.execute magic command
3. CLI: az quantum

1 and 2 use the same technology (IQ#), while 3 is written in Python: https://github.com/Azure/azure-cli-extensions/tree/main/src/quantum

The proposal is to take the relevant parts from az quantum Python code and add them to azure.quantum (qdk-python). https://github.com/Azure/azure-cli-extensions/blob/3b632bb2e04244d662ca724c88da0b8034d5ef60/src/quantum/azext_quantum/operations/job.py#L85-L86 https://github.com/Azure/azure-cli-extensions/blob/3b632bb2e04244d662ca724c88da0b8034d5ef60/src/quantum/azext_quantum/operations/job.py#L162-L163

The azure.quantum Python API is more natural in Python code (does not require Jupyter server with an IQ# kernel) and can manage multiple accounts simultaneously (unlike az CLI).

Naively, all needed is to change the submit method of the QsharpJob class (which will inherit from Job class).

[guenp]

@jond01, thanks for the suggestion. This would require azure-quantum to depend on qsharp which currently needs to be installed either via conda or manually using pip and dotnet. We could take it as an optional dependency, though.

[anpaz]

@jond01, I think the context that you're missing here is that we don't send the Q# code to the service but it actually needs to be compiled into QIR or other binary formats, which is why we have the dependency on the qsharp (and indirectly iq# and .Net). Users would still need to create an external Q# project and be able to compile it from the command line (notice the az quantum basically just starts an external process to do this) so not sure if a lot of value on it.