Fix Docker image build cache dependencies

[josead]

…uilds

The Docker Hub workflow had several issues preventing images from building correctly when there was no local cache:

1. Each docker buildx bake call was independent, so dependent images (dev->deps, runtime->dev, cli->runtime) couldn't find their base images

2. Syntax error in manifest creation loop (missing opening quote)

3. Deprecated ::set-output GitHub Actions syntax

Changes:

• Add docker-bake.hcl with proper target dependencies using contexts to allow BuildX to resolve image dependencies within a single build
• Update sub_platform() to use single bake command instead of 4 separate calls
• Add Dockerfile.dockerignore files for BuildKit's per-dockerfile ignore support
• Fix syntax error in docker-hub.yml manifest creation
• Update to modern $GITHUB_OUTPUT syntax
• Add depends_on to docker-compose.yml for proper service ordering

Description

Please include a summary of the change and which issue is fixed. List any dependencies that are required for this change.

Fixes #(issue_no)

Type of change

• [ ] Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• [ ] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• [ ] This change requires a documentation update
• [ ] Documentation update

Checklist:

• [ ] I have performed a self-review of my own code.
• [ ] I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas.
• [ ] I have made corresponding changes to the documentation.
• [ ] My changes generate no new warnings.
• [ ] I have added tests/screenshots (if any) that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works.
• [ ] I have tested the tests implicated (if any) by my own code and they pass (make test or ctest -VV -R <test-name>).
• [ ] If my change is significant or breaking, I have passed all tests with ./docker-compose.sh test &> output and attached the output.
• [ ] I have tested my code with OPTION_BUILD_ADDRESS_SANITIZER or ./docker-compose.sh test-address-sanitizer &> output and OPTION_TEST_MEMORYCHECK.
• [ ] I have tested my code with OPTION_BUILD_THREAD_SANITIZER or ./docker-compose.sh test-thread-sanitizer &> output.
• [ ] I have tested with Helgrind in case my code works with threading.
• [ ] I have run make clang-format in order to format my code and my code follows the style guidelines.

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