move to Debian version 11 or 12

[colinbjohnson]

Presently (2024-03-06) the "base" image is based on debian version 10 / buster which is end of life and within about 5 months) going to be end of long-term support.

It would be nice to move to either bullseye (debian 11) or bookworm (debian 12).

For reference:

cjohnson@cjohnson10 app % docker run -it edgedb/edgedb:4.5 /bin/bash
root@1a3d7337220e:/# cat /etc/os-release 
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="10"
VERSION="10 (buster)"
VERSION_CODENAME=buster
ID=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"

Note: I'd be happy to submit a PR with this and test up to "image build completes successfully".