Add more tests w.r.t. noreturn to std.exception

[MoonlightSentinel]

A byproduct of the recent bugfixes.

[dlang-bot]

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Testing this PR locally

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[RazvanN7]

@MoonlightSentinel this seems to have exposed an ICE:

dmd: src/dmd/backend/cod1.d:4056: Assertion `retregs || !*pretregs' failed.