dsl: Introduce ability to define Functions on Subdomains

[EdCaunt]

Add Functions on SubDomains functionality.

Remaining todo:

• Tutorial notebook showing
  • Demo for seafloor-like configuration
  • Demo for damping-like configuration
  • Demo for snapshotting only one region of the grid
• Change subdomain numbering to be more robust and prevent memory leaks
• Tests for propagator on subdomain
  • Including with MPI

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 96.04830% with 36 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 86.98%. Comparing base (7fca4a8) to head (c868c91).

Files	Patch %	Lines
devito/types/grid.py	80.85%	18 Missing :warning:
devito/types/dimension.py	70.00%	4 Missing and 2 partials :warning:
devito/mpi/distributed.py	95.72%	3 Missing and 2 partials :warning:
devito/types/sparse.py	20.00%	4 Missing :warning:
devito/data/decomposition.py	97.29%	0 Missing and 1 partial :warning:
tests/test_interpolation.py	99.39%	0 Missing and 1 partial :warning:
tests/test_mpi.py	98.82%	0 Missing and 1 partial :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2245      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   86.80%   86.98%   +0.17%     
==========================================
  Files         233      233              
  Lines       43755    44534     +779     
  Branches     8078     8237     +159     
==========================================
+ Hits        37983    38739     +756     
- Misses       5063     5082      +19     
- Partials      709      713       +4     

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