Update protobuf requirement from ~=3.19.0 to ~=4.24.2

[dependabot[bot]]

Updates the requirements on protobuf to permit the latest version.

Commits

• 54a2e5c Updating version.json and repo version numbers to: 24.2
• 7b825e1 Merge pull request #13656 from protocolbuffers/backport-tdp-msvc-32
• 5626baf Remove a flaky test with very high memory requirements.
• 31efbb9 Merge pull request #13655 from mkruskal-google/backport-tdp-msvc-32
• 01e1a5c Fixes for 32-bit MSVC.
• a478e19 Add windows 32-bit tests and re-enable 2022
• 57d1229 Merge pull request #13603 from protocolbuffers/24.x-202308181942
• 4a6f9c3 Updating version.json to: 24.2-dev
• b256412 Updating version.json and repo version numbers to: 24.1
• d5ed61d Merge pull request #13597 from zhangskz/revert-absl-bump
• Additional commits viewable in compare view

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