[SPARK-48779][SQL][TESTS] Improve collation support testing - add golden files

[viktorluc-db]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Moving certain tests to collations.sql and generating golden files, as said in the PR https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/47620.

Why are the changes needed?

For testing.

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

No.

How was this patch tested?

These are tests.

Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No.