PROTON-2487: [cpp] Implement distributed tracing using OpenTelemetry

[DreamPearl]

PROTON-2487

• Add the opentelemetry-cpp library dependencies
• Add opentelemetry-cpp install/build steps in GHA
• Add tracing.cpp file
  • Add tracing spans for messaging operations
  • Add basic attributes[delivery_tag, delivery_state, source_address, destination_address]
• Add a tracing demo file in examples
• Add a test file

Previous discussion: https://github.com/apache/qpid-proton/pull/319

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #355 (dff4e8e) into main (a4375a8) will decrease coverage by 18.67%. The diff coverage is 92.85%.

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #355       +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage   88.34%   69.66%   -18.68%     
===========================================
  Files          47      370      +323     
  Lines        2394    69801    +67407     
===========================================
+ Hits         2115    48628    +46513     
- Misses        279    21173    +20894     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
cpp/src/init_tracer_stub.cpp	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
cpp/src/messaging_adapter.cpp	80.97% <100.00%> (ø)
cpp/src/sender.cpp	76.74% <100.00%> (ø)
cpp/src/tracing_private.hpp	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
cpp/src/tracing_stub.cpp	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
cpp/include/proton/codec/unordered_map.hpp	100.00% <0.00%> (ø)
c/src/core/fixed_string.h	77.41% <0.00%> (ø)
python/tests/proton_tests/__init__.py	100.00% <0.00%> (ø)
c/src/core/engine.c	94.00% <0.00%> (ø)
cpp/examples/multithreaded_client_flow_control.cpp	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
... and 315 more

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[DreamPearl]

@astitcher Tracing demo spans on Jaeger UI: https://gist.github.com/DreamPearl/25935c37d97284f22639de454c623717

[DreamPearl]

Tracing Demo

Spans on Jaeger UI using the existing broker, server, and client examples: https://gist.github.com/DreamPearl/e53f08d29ef8038c683f0fefacb829ca

[astitcher]

That jaeger display looks good

[DreamPearl]

Spans on Jaeger UI: https://gist.github.com/DreamPearl/6ccaa6b64587ec78ab93a0c8c71cbc70

[DreamPearl]

In middle of improving the tracing examples and documentation.

[DreamPearl]

@astitcher Made modifications in the examples (tracing_client and tracing_server).

Spans on Jaeger UI: https://gist.github.com/DreamPearl/de4c6d317fefe8e35a0f551bc4785b3b

[astitcher]

Merged