[Fix] fix `cast(array<not_null> as array<>)` causes be core dump

[xy720]

Proposed changes

Issue Number: close #11639

Problem summary

This commit: 1、fix the issue 2、add reggresion test for cast array

Checklist(Required)

1. Does it affect the original behavior:
   • [ ] Yes
   • [x] No
   • [ ] I don't know
2. Has unit tests been added:
   • [x] Yes
   • [ ] No
   • [ ] No Need
3. Has document been added or modified:
   • [ ] Yes
   • [ ] No
   • [x] No Need
4. Does it need to update dependencies:
   • [ ] Yes
   • [x] No
5. Are there any changes that cannot be rolled back:
   • [ ] Yes (If Yes, please explain WHY)
   • [x] No

Further comments

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