[branch-51] Implement CatalogProviderList in FFI

[timsaucer]

Which issue does this PR close?

This is related to https://github.com/apache/datafusion/issues/18843

Rationale for this change

This is a pure addition that users would like to use and it barely missed the cutoff for 51.0.0

What changes are included in this PR?

Adds in FFI_CatalogProviderList

Are these changes tested?

Yes, and already in main

Are there any user-facing changes?

No, pure addition

[timsaucer]

Github is having some issues, I'll try rerunning CI at a later time