Upgrade to Angular 17

[edezekiel]

This PR updates the application to Angular v17.

Issue #264

Please Note: I also bumped the firebase package version to address some peer dependency issues. Additional review may be required to ensure the actual firebase deployment pipeline functions as expected.

• Run ng update @angular/core@15 @angular/cli@15
• Run ng update @angular/material@15
• Upgrade away from legacy material modules
• Upgrade @angular/fire and typescript
• Run ng update @angular/core@16 @angular/cli@16
• Upgrade typescript
• Run ng update @angular/core@17 @angular/cli@17
• Delete polyfill.ts
• Update yarn.lock
• Delete core-js package from dependencies
• update cdk, fire, material, and rxjs
• Update angular.json $schema

[google-cla[bot]]

Thanks for your pull request! It looks like this may be your first contribution to a Google open source project. Before we can look at your pull request, you'll need to sign a Contributor License Agreement (CLA).

View this failed invocation of the CLA check for more information.

For the most up to date status, view the checks section at the bottom of the pull request.