Script Modules: Add data server->client data passing

[sirreal]

See https://make.wordpress.org/core/2024/05/06/proposal-server-to-client-data-sharing-for-script-modules/

Includes https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/pull/6452 Requires https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/pull/60952 (this PR builds and registers the @wordpress/api-fetch module).

Trac ticket:

---

This Pull Request is for code review only. Please keep all other discussion in the Trac ticket. Do not merge this Pull Request. See GitHub Pull Requests for Code Review in the Core Handbook for more details.

[github-actions[bot]]

Test using WordPress Playground

The changes in this pull request can previewed and tested using a WordPress Playground instance.

WordPress Playground is an experimental project that creates a full WordPress instance entirely within the browser.

Some things to be aware of

• The Plugin and Theme Directories cannot be accessed within Playground.
• All changes will be lost when closing a tab with a Playground instance.
• All changes will be lost when refreshing the page.
• A fresh instance is created each time the link below is clicked.
• Every time this pull request is updated, a new ZIP file containing all changes is created. If changes are not reflected in the Playground instance, it's possible that the most recent build failed, or has not completed. Check the list of workflow runs to be sure.

For more details about these limitations and more, check out the Limitations page in the WordPress Playground documentation.

Test this pull request with WordPress Playground.

[sirreal]

This proof of concept is superseded by https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/pull/6682.