Replace bandit, flake8, isort, and pyupgrade with ruff

[cclauss]

Describe your change:

Ruff supports over 500 lint rules including bandit, isort, pylint, pyupgrade, and flake8 plus its plugins, and is written in Rust for speed.

The ruff Action uses minimal steps to run in ~10 seconds, rapidly providing intuitive GitHub Annotations to contributors.

• [ ] Add an algorithm?
• [ ] Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• [ ] Documentation change?
• [x] Improve testing

Checklist:

• [x] I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• [x] This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• [x] I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• [ ] This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• [x] All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory.
• [x] All filenames are in all lowercase characters with no spaces or dashes.
• [x] All functions and variable names follow Python naming conventions.
• [x] All function parameters and return values are annotated with Python type hints.
• [ ] All functions have doctests that pass the automated testing.
• [ ] All new algorithms include at least one URL that points to Wikipedia or another similar explanation.
• [ ] If this pull request resolves one or more open issues then the commit message contains Fixes: #{$ISSUE_NO}.