recursive bisection working on discrete domains (lists)

[JakobAZ]

Dear TheAlgorithms-maintainers, This file implements a bisection that differs in 2 main points from the bisections so far uploaded:

1. It is recursively implemented (more precisely in a divide&conquer way selecting sub-lists until the desired element is in a one-element list, at which point the problem becomes trivial), while the two pre-existing bisections (one here: https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python/blob/master/arithmetic_analysis/bisection.py the other here https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python/blob/master/maths/bisection.py) are iterative.
2. It searches lists for specific elements instead of functions for roots in a specific interval.

I tried to observe contribution guidelines and hope you don't condemn me too much where I didn't meet them :)

All the best, J

Describe your change:

• [x] Add an algorithm?
• [ ] Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• [ ] Documentation change?

Checklist:

• [x] I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• [x] This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• [x] I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• [x] This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• [x] All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory.
• [x] All filenames are in all lowercase characters with no spaces or dashes.
• [x] All functions and variable names follow Python naming conventions.
• [x] All function parameters and return values are annotated with Python type hints.
• [x] All functions have doctests that pass the automated testing.
• [x] All new algorithms have a URL in its comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanation.
• [x] If this pull request resolves one or more open issues then the commit message contains Fixes: #{$ISSUE_NO}.

[stale[bot]]

This pull request has been automatically marked as stale because it has not had recent activity. It will be closed if no further activity occurs. Thank you for your contributions.

[cclauss]

In preparation for that denial-of-service attack that is Hacktoberfest, I am closing all pull requests that have failing tests.