Fix: Return first index for binary search with duplicate elements (#1…

[Aravind30648]

…3840)

Refactored binary_search function to use bisect_left for improved efficiency.

Describe your change:

• [x] Add an algorithm?
• [x] Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• [x] Add or change doctests? -- Note: Please avoid changing both code and tests in a single pull request.
• [x] Documentation change?

Checklist:

• [x] I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• [x] This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
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• [x] This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• [x] All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory.
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• [x] All functions and variable names follow Python naming conventions.
• [x] All function parameters and return values are annotated with Python type hints.
• [x] All functions have doctests that pass the automated testing.
• [x] All new algorithms include at least one URL that points to Wikipedia or another similar explanation.
• [x] If this pull request resolves one or more open issues then the description above includes the issue number(s) with a closing keyword: "Fixes #ISSUE-NUMBER".