Add input validation for division by zero in divide_numbers()

[bangarumahesh22]

Description

This PR addresses issue #13845 by adding a new division.py module in the maths directory that provides input validation for division by zero.

What was added:

• Created maths/division.py with divide_numbers() function
• Added proper error handling for division by zero using ValueError
• Included comprehensive docstrings with examples
• Added doctest for automated testing

Describe your change:

• [x] Add an algorithm
• [ ] Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm
• [ ] Add or change docstrings
• [ ] Documentation change

Fixes #13845