feat: Add palindrome check to basic logic problems (Closes #13501)

[Arzoo1701]

Describe your change:

Adding a new file for a new algorithm, the "Basic Logic Building Problem"

• [x] Add an algorithm?
• [ ] Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• [ ] Add or change doctests? -- Note: Please avoid changing both code and tests in a single pull request.
• [ ] Documentation change?

Checklist:

• [x] I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• [x] This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• [x] I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• [x] This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• [x] All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory.(The other/ directory)
• [x] All filenames are in all lowercase characters with no spaces or dashes.
• [x] All functions and variable names follow Python naming conventions.
• [x] All function parameters and return values are annotated with Python type hints.
• [x] All functions have doctests that pass the automated testing.
• [x] All new algorithms include at least one URL that points to Wikipedia or another similar explanation.
• [x] If this pull request resolves one or more open issues then the description above includes the issue number(s) with a closing keyword: "Fixes #13501".

Added a new file, other/palindrome_check.py, which implements a simple, Pythonic function to check if a given string is a palindrome. This contributes to the list of "Basic Logic Building Problems" as requested in the linked issue.

Fixes #13501 Related URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palindrome

[Arzoo1701]

Hi @cclauss @dhruvmanila 👋

I’ve created this pull request .
I’ve followed the contribution guidelines and tested the changes locally.

Could you please review my PR?

[cclauss]

https://github.com/search?q=repo%3ATheAlgorithms%2FPython%20palindrome