Add Egg Drop algorithm

[AswinPKumar01]

Describe your change:

• [x] Add an algorithm: Implemented the Egg Drop Algorithm using dynamic programming. This algorithm calculates the minimum number of attempts required in the worst-case scenario to determine the highest floor from which an egg can be dropped without breaking.

Checklist:

• [x] I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• [x] This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• [x] I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• [x] This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, I have opened a separate PR for this algorithm.
• [x] All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory.
• [x] All filenames are in all lowercase characters with no spaces or dashes.
• [x] All functions and variable names follow Python naming conventions.
• [x] All function parameters and return values are annotated with Python type hints.
• [x] All functions have doctests that pass the automated testing.
• [x] All new algorithms include at least one URL that points to Wikipedia or another similar explanation: Egg Dropping Problem - Wikipedia.

[AswinPKumar01]

Contribution as a part of hacktoberfest