Add Algorithm for Fresnel Diffraction

[jakerogers-1]

Fresnel diffraction of wave fields is commonly simulated within optical physics yet no algorithm exists within the repository presently to facilitate this. The included code utilizes the transfer function based approach found in the textbook Computational Fourier Optics by David Voelz and his related research publications to perform Fresnel diffraction for a given (coherent and monochromatic) wave field.

The original MATLAB has been translated into Python with a more user-friendly interface added and error handling.