Add Karatsuba Multiplication Algorithm Implementation

[Issac-Kondreddy]

This pull request adds an implementation of the Karatsuba Multiplication Algorithm to the divide_and_conquer directory. The Karatsuba Multiplication Algorithm is an efficient method for multiplying large numbers by reducing the number of multiplication operations using a divide and conquer approach.

The new file, karatsuba_multiplication_algorithm.py, contains the implementation of the algorithm along with appropriate documentation and comments for clarity.

This contribution aims to enhance the collection of algorithms in the repository, providing users with a more comprehensive set of tools for solving mathematical problems efficiently.

Please review and merge this pull request at your earliest convenience. Thank you!