feat: add BasicPrefixSum algorithm and tests

[Suhas-30]

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Describe your change:

• ✅ Add an algorithm
• ⬜ Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm
• ⬜ Documentation change

Checklist:

• ✅ I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• ✅ This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• ✅ I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• ✅ This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• ✅ All new JavaScript files are placed inside an existing directory.
• ✅ All filenames should use the UpperCamelCase (PascalCase) style. There should be no spaces in filenames.
  Example: UserProfile.js is allowed but userprofile.js, Userprofile.js, user-Profile.js, userProfile.js are not
• ✅ All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or another similar explanation.
• ✅ If this pull request resolves one or more open issues then the commit message contains Fixes: #1783

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

:white_check_mark: All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests. :white_check_mark: Project coverage is 85.89%. Comparing base (1d252d7) to head (1cca986).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1787      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   85.87%   85.89%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         377      378       +1     
  Lines       19720    19738      +18     
  Branches     3005     3008       +3     
==========================================
+ Hits        16935    16953      +18     
  Misses       2785     2785              

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