refactor: Enhance docs, add more tests in `NumberAppearingOddTimes`

[Hardvan]

• [x] I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• [x] This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• [x] All filenames are in PascalCase.
• [x] All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• [x] All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• [x] All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 70.17%. Comparing base (6fc53ec) to head (b2168c5).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #5857      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     70.16%   70.17%   +0.01%     
  Complexity     4761     4761              
============================================
  Files           635      635              
  Lines         17322    17322              
  Branches       3333     3333              
============================================
+ Hits          12154    12156       +2     
+ Misses         4708     4707       -1     
+ Partials        460      459       -1     

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