Add game covers replacer with country restriction

[crashmax-dev]

Motivation

Steam profile pages show broken images instead of actual game covers when games have regional restrictions or are unavailable in certain countries.

Feature

This PR fixes the issue by fetching game cover images directly from the Steam API (IStoreBrowseService/GetItems), since CDN image URLs are not available on the page. The implementation includes fallback handling - if a cover fails to load for any reason, a placeholder image will be displayed instead.

Before:

After:

Notes

This is a temporary workaround and may have edge cases that aren't fully handled. Ideally, Steam will fix this issue in the future (covers work correctly on profile activity and game reviews pages), but this compromise provides a working solution in the meantime.