periph/spi: add support for printing and testing SPI clock rate (2nd)

[MrKevinWeiss]

Contribution description

Taken over from another PR. We will see how much it needs.

Testing procedure

TBD

Issues/PRs references

Based off #16727 from @hugueslarrive

[MrKevinWeiss]

I am just running a build test. Reschedule if needed.

[gschorcht]

@MrKevinWeiss Since we are now using the ESP-IDF SPI HAL/LL for ESP32, ESP32 has its own periph/spi implementation which should be covered by this PR. Even though cpu/esp32/periph/spi.c already uses directly the given clock in spi_acquire, functions spi_get_clk and spi_get_freq have to be implemented and type spi_clk_t should be removed from here https://github.com/RIOT-OS/RIOT/blob/7ee1b585737b87c5a7df355f81ff113515289dfe/cpu/esp32/include/periph_cpu.h#L576-L583

[MrKevinWeiss]

Yup, looks like it needs more than a simple rebase

[gschorcht]

@MrKevinWeiss I committed the changes for ESP32 to your branch.

[MrKevinWeiss]

rebased... I will work on porting some robot tests so we can check it on the hardware. Probably worth some manual testing as well.

[riot-hil-bot]

HiL Test Results

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
1	25	2

  ❌ frdm-k22f (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ nucleo-f091rc (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ nucleo-f303re (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ nucleo-g474re (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ nucleo-f767zi (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ nucleo-l152re (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ nucleo-f207zg (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ arduino-mega2560 (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ nucleo-l432kc (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ saml10-xpro (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ saml11-xpro (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ samr30-xpro (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ nrf52dk (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ remote-revb (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ nucleo-l073rz (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ nucleo-f411re (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ nucleo-f103rb (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ frdm-kw41z (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ esp32-wroom-32 (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ z1 (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ frdm-k64f (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  ❌ same54-xpro (1 fail test)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	❌ test fail

  😬 samr21-xpro (1 fail flash)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	😬 flash fail

  😬 esp8266-esp-12x (1 fail flash)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	😬 flash fail

  😬 arduino-due (1 fail flash)

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	1	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	😬 flash fail

  ✅ samr34-xpro

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	0	1

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	🙈 skip

  ✅ slstk3401a

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
1	0	0

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	✅ pass

  ✅ slstk3400a

PASS	FAIL	SKIP
0	0	1

TEST	RESULT
tests/periph_spi	🙈 skip

[MrKevinWeiss]

oh ya, going to need a bit more love.

[chrysn]

Is this in a reviewable state already? Could you fix the merge conflicts and squash fixup and other "noch mal" style commits, or is there more work needed on the conceptual side anyway?