feat: Build Ubuntu 22.04 Docker image

[mboutet]

Build Ubuntu 22.04 Docker image

Description

Related to https://github.com/GitTools/build-images/pull/4

How Has This Been Tested?

All tests (except the one for dotnet 3.1) pass in the pipeline. As I understand it, dotnet 3.1 is not supported in Ubuntu 22.04, see for instance https://github.com/google/or-tools/issues/3276.

Checklist:

• [x] My code follows the code style of this project.
• [x] ~~My change requires a change to the documentation.~~
• [x] ~~I have updated the documentation accordingly.~~
• [x] ~~I have added tests to cover my changes.~~
• [x] All new and existing tests passed. (except for dotnet 3.1)